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Laminated glass is a type of safety glass composed of two or more glass panes bonded together with one or more organic polymer interlayers. These interlayers, typically made from materials like PVB (polyvinyl butyral), SGP (ionomer), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate), or PU (polyurethane), are placed between the glass sheets and then subjected to high temperature and pressure during the manufacturing process. This ensures that the glass and the interlayer become permanently fused into a single, strong composite unit.
In addition to standard interlayers, there are various specialized options available. For example, colored interlayers can add aesthetic value, while printed interlayers (such as SGX type) allow for custom designs. There are also functional interlayers, such as XIR type low-E films that help improve energy efficiency, and even interlayers embedded with decorative elements like metal mesh or PET materials for both visual appeal and structural support.
Laminated glass comes in several main types based on different criteria. Depending on the melting point of the interlayer, it can be categorized as low-temperature, high-temperature, or hollow laminated glass. Based on the material used in the middle layer, it may include paper, cloth, wire, metal mesh, or other materials. According to the bonding method, it can be classified as either wet-laminated, dry-laminated, or vacuum-sealed. And depending on the layer structure, it can be general laminated glass or even bulletproof glass designed for high-security applications.
One of the key advantages of laminated glass is its safety performance. Even when broken, the glass fragments remain adhered to the interlayer film, preventing sharp shards from scattering. This significantly reduces the risk of injury from broken glass. In many countries, especially in Europe and the United States, laminated glass is widely used in buildings not only for safety reasons but also due to its ability to resist impacts from tools like hammers or axes, and even to provide some level of protection against bullets.
In vehicles, laminated glass is commonly used in windshields. If the glass is shattered by a heavy object, it remains intact as a single unit, with all the pieces held in place by the interlayer. This prevents dangerous debris from flying around inside the car. Compared to tempered glass, which shatters into small, sharp particles, or regular glass, which breaks into long, jagged shards, laminated glass offers superior safety features.
For those interested in learning more about the history of glass in architecture, you might enjoy reading about Mies van der Rohe, a pioneer in the use of glass curtain walls. His innovative designs helped shape modern architecture and brought glass into the spotlight as a key building material.
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