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The urban parking guidance system is a crucial component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), and has been implemented in numerous cities across Europe, America, Germany, and the UK, achieving significant results. It has notably reduced traffic congestion, minimized road occupation, and lowered vehicle emissions and noise pollution. Additionally, it has enhanced the utilization rate of existing parking facilities, delivering substantial social and economic benefits.
As cars have become more accessible to the general public, the number of vehicles in large and medium-sized cities has surged, putting immense pressure on existing parking resources. Disorganized parking, traffic jams, and difficulty finding parking spaces have become major challenges for urban areas.
To address these issues, the author suggests that, in addition to establishing effective management regulations, advanced information technology, data communication, and computer systems should be utilized to develop a comprehensive parking guidance system. This system aims to improve urban traffic conditions, reduce chaotic parking, and free up non-parking areas. It also provides drivers with reliable and efficient guidance to locate suitable parking spots, significantly reducing parking time and resource waste, especially for those unfamiliar with local road conditions.
An intelligent parking guidance system typically consists of four main components: the parking lot data collection system, the data processing system, the data transmission system, and the comprehensive parking information release system. The first-level induction display, such as large screens, is usually placed along major roads, showing real-time parking availability and locations. The second-level display is located near parking lots, providing detailed directions and space status. The third-level display is installed at the entrance of each parking facility, offering specific information about that particular location.
Data collection occurs through sensors at the entrances and exits of parking lots, which monitor vehicle movements and collect empty space data. This information is regularly sent to a central parking information center for real-time monitoring and guidance.
The data processing system transforms raw data into useful information for drivers, such as available parking spots and surrounding traffic conditions. It also manages parking lot data and supports changes in parking usage.
Data transmission ensures seamless flow between collection, processing, and distribution systems, using technologies like wired networks, GPRS, Wi-Fi, and fiber optics. Collected data is shared with city-wide platforms, allowing control centers to access and manage parking information efficiently.
Information release includes variable message signs, radio broadcasts, the internet, mobile apps, and in-vehicle navigation systems. These channels provide details such as parking locations, available spaces, traffic conditions, and alternative options, helping drivers make informed decisions.
In recent years, the development of computer and communication technologies has made parking detection, signage, and information systems more mature. Many cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, and Nanjing, have adopted such systems. While some systems are large-scale, others are smaller but still effective. As of 2013, 17 provinces, 4 municipalities, and the Macao Special Administrative Region had installed parking guidance systems, with Jiangsu having the most cities implementing them.
Despite its benefits, the current systems face several challenges, including lack of standardization, limited information formats, and insufficient predictive capabilities. Most systems rely on static displays, leading to outdated information and inefficiencies in traffic distribution. There is also a need for better integration of existing parking resources and more accurate forecasting of parking availability.
To overcome these issues, the system must combine static guidance with real-time dynamic updates, ensuring timely and accurate information for drivers. This approach helps prevent traffic congestion and improves overall efficiency.
The platform integrates modern technologies like IoT, cloud computing, and wireless networks to offer a unified management solution. It enhances service quality, supports various stakeholders, and promotes harmony between people, vehicles, and roads.
In summary, an intelligent parking guidance system offers multiple benefits, including improved parking utilization, better driver experience, increased revenue for parking operators, and enhanced public image for authorities. It plays a vital role in making urban transportation more efficient and sustainable.