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First, printing blank parts on the dirty:
1, underexposure:
The principle of plate making of the PS plate is that during the exposure process, light passes through the light-transmitting portion (blank portion) of the positive plate to cause the photosensitizer to undergo solution, emits nitrogen gas, rearranges the molecular structure of the photosensitizer, and produces an anthrone compound; this compound Insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute alkali solution, so exposed oxide film is a blank part. However, the part of the image that has not seen light is not changed into the printing plate part of the ink. If the exposure time of the blank portion is too short and the light is too weak, the photosensitizer may not be completely decomposed when the exposure is insufficient, and the photosensitizer may not be completely dissolved during the development, and a residual photosensitizer may cause the blank portion to become dirty. Therefore, you should use the print test strip to test the correct exposure time when printing, so that the density is less than 0.35 and 0.35 under the sun without ink (line). Or in the exposure, development, washing, drying PS blank part of the blank with acetone, ethyl ether or the correct solution to remove the background color in the blank part, visually no obvious traces, or with a reflection densitometer did not remove the background color and remove The difference in the density of the background area is <0.03 (line)>.
2, underdeveloped:
The blank part of the photosensitizer is not fully dissolved, and there is still a residual photosensitizer that causes the blank part to become dirty. The reasons are:
(1) Insufficient developer concentration: The developer with the specified concentration shall be prepared according to the prescribed preparation method, and shall be supplemented according to the degree of attenuation after the developer is developed.
(2) Insufficient development time: Generally, it should be 35±10 seconds. It should not exceed 1 minute at most.
(3) developer temperature is too low: the optimal temperature of the developer should be 22 ± 2 °C. Because the temperature is 10°C, the development speed varies 3-4 times, that is, the temperature is high and the development temperature is low. The development is slow; the concentration is high and the development is fast, the concentration is low and the development is slow; the platemaking can be flexibly controlled according to the specific circumstances.
(4) developer fatigue: Developer due to continuous development or exposed to the air for a long time, due to the absorption of CO2 in the air, the developing ability will gradually reduce the recession, continuous development time is too long and the developer concentration is too low. similar situation. Therefore, the developer should be kept from exposure to the air for as long as possible.
(5) Contamination of the developer: Since the sensitizer of the PS plate contains a small amount of dye, during development, the dye will be dissolved in the developer together with the photosensitive tree finger exposed to photolysis and accumulated. When the developed PS plate reaches a certain amount and the dye accumulation reaches a certain level, the dye in the developer is adsorbed by the micropores of the PS platen to cause self-contamination. Therefore, new developer must be replaced.
3, the original film and printing plate dirty:
(1) The blank part of the original film is exposed to dust and dirt. The density is too high and the transparency is not good. The exposure and development time may be appropriately extended or the smear may be removed by a double exposure method of a scattering film. When using a diffuser film exposure, the main exposure time is generally reduced by a quarter, and then the double exposure of the Mongolian diffuser film is used; when the masking time is one-third to one-half of the main exposure, the film can be contaminated and Film edges and tapes are removed. If the original film ash can only be seriously re-plate, so that the density of blank parts does not exceed 0.05.
(2) Stainer glass should be cleaned regularly to maintain hygiene. When the machine is not in use, the glass should be covered to prevent dust.
4, uneven exposure: due to the light source of the printing plate light source printing spot light source distance from the PS version of the various parts, the exposure of the middle part of the PS version from the light source near the exposure, large amount of light, the four corners away from the light source, the exposure is small, easy Causes the surrounding area to be less exposed than dirty. The distance of the light source can be appropriately increased, the light distance difference of each part of the PS plate can be reduced, and the exposure time can be appropriately increased. When printing, you should take into account the exposure of each part of the PS version. The general lamp distance is 1.2M. The formula for calculating the exposure time after changing the lamp distance is:
t=t. (r/r)2
Where: t. Original exposure time
r. For the original light
r is the change in lamp distance
t is the exposure time after the requested change
5, the normal exposure after the development of washing the layout is still blue:
(1) During the production process of the PS plate, the drying temperature is too high, which causes the aging of the photosensitive layer, and the exposure and development time can be appropriately increased. If the photosensitive layer of the PS plate is aged before exposure, the plate material has to be discarded.
(2) PS plate storage temperature is too high, storage time is too long (more than one year), or exposure time in the air is too long, the photosensitive layer is oxidized by air aging, can be appropriately increased exposure and development time to solve.
6, improper ink on the dirty:
When the ink is removed, the gauze is not clean. There is sand or dried ink. If it is too strong, wipe the plate with dirt. Under normal circumstances, use gasoline to wash it off. Then clean the plate and then re-rub or lift the ink. Take care when cleaning the ink. The method of operation, so that evenly rubbed evenly.
7, wipe the protective rubber and dirty:
(1) The protective glue concentration is too low and the film is too thin to cause oxidation of the PS plate.
(2) Wipe the protective glue to cause uneven oxidation or dirt leakage.
(3) The PS plate grain is too fine, and the protective glue concentration is too low. The surface tension is too small, and it is easy to condense into a small water droplet to make the PS plate oxygen dirty.
8, in addition to dirty method caused by the blank part of the dirty:
In addition to the dirty agent dried on the printing plate is not timely to clean the ink on the dirty, need to promptly wash away the photosensitive agent rinse.
9, improper processing before and after copying cause viscera:
The plate should be completely removed before the plate and the wipe protection liquid should be rubbed. Normally, the amount of a half-split plate is 30ML. After the plate is cut, it should be thoroughly developed. Wash the protective liquid and wipe the protective gel.
10, improper operation of the offset press causes blank parts on the dirty:
(1) The ink used in the offset press is too thin and the oiliness is too strong. The ink should be thickened.
(2) The workshop temperature is too high, it should be generally 20-25 °C.
(3) The dampening syrup is not suitable. Wash the dampening solution matching the PS plate and add a small amount of gum dampening.
(4) The pressure of the offset press is too heavy or uneven, and the pressure should be reduced as much as possible while ensuring the quality.
(5) The offset roller is too heavy and the roller pressure is too light. It should be adjusted properly.
Second, overexposure:
(1) The original graphic is of low density and the graphic is light-transmitting during printing. The exposure time should be appropriately reduced. If the original density is too low, the plate should be remastered so that the density of the original ink reaches 3.0 and the density of the dot center is not less than 2.3.
(2) Exposure time is too long: Use the continuous adjustment of the transmission ash ladder to determine the correct exposure time; make the density above 0.8 and 0.8 above all ink, and the density below 0.35 to dry without ink. (line mark)
(3) Layout light leakage: PS version is not properly preserved, light leakage photolysis, should pay attention to avoid storage.
(4) Exposure unevenness: The aging of the printing machine rubber or the vacuum of the suction machine is low, so that the original version and the PS version are not fully sealed, so that some of the graphic texts are scattered by the light and some of the graphic texts do not absorb ink, and the vacuum should be increased. Degree of vacuum in the 700MM mercury column or change the machine pad can also be in the PS plate under the same size of thin hair it can be.
2, over development:
(1) The concentration of the developer is too high and the alkali is so strong that the photosensitive resin film is dissolved and the oxide film is destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to properly formulate the developer according to the regulations.
(2) The development time is too long: generally should be controlled at 35 ± 10 seconds (line mark), in the case of a higher density of the original blank part, as much as possible to achieve less exposure. This is because the alkali solution has a strong dissolving and destroying effect on the photosensitive layer and the plate oxide layer, so the developing time should be as small as possible, generally not more than 1 minute.
(3) The developer temperature is too high: generally should be controlled at 22 ± 2 °C, if the temperature is too high, it will dissolve the photosensitive layer and oxide layer. The oxidized conjunctiva reduces the activity and does not absorb ink. The solution is that the gauze can be used for a long period of time back and forth on the layout, which can cause the photosensitive layer to be irritated by air.
4, the protection of plastic acid deterioration, wipe rubber uneven, wipe out the rubber track, causing no ink, should pay attention to uniform coating.
5, improper operation of offset press caused by the text is not inked:
(1) When the blanket is aged, blankets and blankets should be replaced. If the offset press is too light, adjust the pressure.
(2) The offset roller is too light and the roller pressure is too heavy. It should be adjusted properly.
(3) The ink used in the offset press is too thick and poor in fluidity. The ink should be adjusted well.
(4) The dampening syrup is not suitable, and the dampening syrup matching the PS version should be used.
(5) The workshop temperature is too low, the workshop should maintain 20-25 °C.
Third, the graphic is too deep (mainly the dark part of the dark tone):
1, underexposure: Should increase the exposure time, so that the dark part of the white point full photolysis.
2, underdeveloped: increase the development time or developer concentration, so that the dark part of the white point clear.
3, the original part of the blank density is too high, can be appropriately increased exposure time, severe should be re-plate.
4, ink paste paste version: use gasoline to wash the ink, use the cleaning agent to clean up the layout, to re-ink; the ink should be kept when the layout of a certain amount of water, to mention the ink should be thin, after the ink to clean the protective rubber.
5. The graphics caused by the operation of the offset press are too deep.
(1) When the pressure of the printing press is too heavy or the rubber liner is disqualified to cause ink diffusion, the pressure of the offset press or the liner should be reduced as much as possible.
(2) Offset ink roller pressure Heavy water roller pressure is light.
(3) The ink used in the offset press is too thin, the oiliness is too large, and the imprinting is easy to expand.
(4) Plate fountain solution is not suitable.
(5) The temperature of the offset shop is too high, should be reduced to keep the temperature at the end of 20-25 °C
Fourth, the graphic is too shallow (mainly highlights are not complete):
1, overexposure, should reduce the exposure time, because overexposure, will make light damage to the small outlets.
2, excessive development: should reduce the developer concentration or development time, in order to reduce the corrosion of small dots.
3, the original density is too low, the transmission of light when the screen makes the network smaller, should reduce the exposure and development time or re-plate making the original density of 3.0 or more.
4. The ageing of the rubber pad of the printing machine makes the close-fitting of the PS platen poor, which will make the photodegradation layer of the scattered light photolysis, which will cause the picture to be too shallow. The solution to increase the vacuum degree, the general vacuum degree should be below the 700mm mercury column and should be Minimize the thickness of the original on the original version, so that the original and PS version easy to close.
5, the layout of the coarse sand is too thick: the exposure of scattered light to the edge of the network photolysis, so that damage to lighten the network, you can use fine sand mesh PS version.
6, improper operation of the offset press, resulting in a graphic too shallow:
(1) The offset press is light, the blanket is aged, there is no elasticity, and the liner is not suitable.
(2) The offset roller water pressure is heavy and the ink roller pressure is light.
(3) The ink used in the offset press has a large viscosity and poor fluidity.
(4) Printing plate syrup is not suitable.
(5) The workshop temperature is too low.
Fifth, PS version of India's low resistance:
Normal use of the PS version of the print resistance is generally about 5-10 million, and after the copy of the PS version of the print can be increased by 3-4 times; and some manufacturers use the PS version of the printer is very low, only 2-3 million India, even with only a few thousand prints on the edition, here in addition to the quality of the PS itself, the printing manufacturers to correctly master the PS version of the plate making method and offset press operation method is also of utmost importance. The general causes of the decline in the printing resistance of the PS plate include the following aspects:
1, due to excessive overexposure during plate making, causing the adhesive layer to become blemishes, and the resistance to printing force decreases. The positive solution method should measure the exposure time to determine the correct exposure time, and at the same time master the rules of the printing plate: that is, the high voltage of the film when the printing plate, the printing time is properly shortened, and the voltage is low, then the printing time is long. When developing, the developer concentration is high, the development time is appropriately shortened; when the concentration is low, the development time is long. The developer temperature is high, the development time is appropriately shortened, and when the temperature is low, the development time is long, generally not exceeding 1 minute. If the density of the blank part is high, try to use the principle of multiple exposure and less display.
2. When the density of the original graphic part is too low or uneven, resulting in light transmission or partial light transmission, the exposure time should be reduced when the density is low. The original plate and the PS did not fully adhere to each other during the printing. Increase the vacuum or add a thin wool under the PS plate.
3. After the printing plate is prepared, it should be kept from light as much as possible. In the case of no ink extraction, if it is too long in the workshop, the photosensitive layer is easily degraded by white light or daylight. Generally, the PS plate is placed in a brightly lit workshop or fluorescent lamp for 3-4 hours. The light energy is sufficient to completely photodegrade the photosensitive layer on the PS plate, and therefore it is required that the ink plate should be processed in addition to printing plates that are eager to be printed on the machine. In addition, during the printing process or in the middle of a stoppage, the light should be avoided as much as possible to avoid photolysis by strong light.
4, fountain solution performance is poor, inappropriate layout, or layout contact with the solvent and acid, alkaline substances and destroy the photosensitive layer.
5, paper, alkaline or acidic or grit, off powder, hair loss, printing impurities accumulated on the rubber cloth so that corrosion, wear and tear. Although the PS version of the oxide film is very hard, but the PS version of the aluminum plate base is relatively soft, PS plate surface oxide film, the most afraid of sand crushed, once the pressure ring is difficult to repair, so pay special attention to prevent sand pressure ring PS version .
6, offset printing blanket aging, hardened without elasticity, easy to wear the printing plate.
7. The offset printing machine is seriously worn or has not adjusted the gap of the roller. When the line speed is inconsistent during operation, there is a slip producing a bar, which makes it easy to fall out of the printing plate.
8. If the pressure of the offset press is too large or the liner is not suitable, the pressure of the ink roller is too high, which will aggravate the wear of the printing plate and cause the plate-off. This is the main reason for the decrease of the print volume.
9, when the next machine version and then on the machine when the graphic part does not absorb ink, the blank part of the dirty, mainly under the next version of the plate when the layout is not clean; in addition to wipe the protective rubber is not erased or too thin protective plastic, and protective plastic Acidic deterioration causes corrosion of the layout. If the PS version is not used without light for a long time, it will reduce the print volume. Therefore, under the machine version should be thoroughly cleaned layout, wipe the protective plastic and blow dry, protected from light and moisture, to avoid printing failures and increase the amount of print.
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