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1. One rule: When the system fails, you can tentatively adjust some parameters or states one at a time to identify the issue. This method helps isolate the cause without making too many changes at once, which could complicate the problem further. It's important to make small, controlled adjustments and observe the results carefully.
2. The second comparison rule is about identifying potential faults before performing any hands-on maintenance or before taking corrective actions. In other words, the solution should be determined before actually making physical changes. For example, during an injection process, if the peak of the internal standard appears low, you can repeat the injection to check for reproducibility. If it was a one-time low value, consider whether there might be an air bubble in the quantification tube. This rule is especially useful after making a system change. After adjusting the flow direction, you can inject a standard twice before the actual sample injection to verify the stability of retention times and the consistency of the chromatographic peaks. If unexpected peaks appear during gradient elution, you can run a no-load gradient once to see if the issue is real. This approach helps avoid unnecessary adjustments and allows for quicker resolution of problems.
3. The replacement rule involves swapping out components or parts systematically to determine if they are the source of the issue. This is particularly useful when other troubleshooting methods haven't identified the problem. By replacing suspected components one at a time, you can more easily pinpoint the exact cause of the malfunction. It’s important to document each change and its effect to ensure accurate diagnosis and prevent confusion later on.