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Xenon weathering test chambers, whether air-cooled or water-cooled, are designed to simulate real-world environmental conditions for materials testing. Over time, the output of the xenon lamp naturally decreases due to aging. To maintain consistent irradiance levels, modern test chambers use an advanced feedback loop control system. This system allows operators to set a desired irradiance level, while sensors inside the chamber continuously monitor the actual light output. When the lamp's intensity drops, the system automatically adjusts by increasing the power supplied to the lamp, ensuring stable and accurate testing conditions.
In practice, irradiance can be measured across various parts of the xenon spectrum, but only specific wavelengths are typically used for control. The choice of wavelength depends on the material being tested and its sensitivity to certain light ranges. For example, materials that degrade quickly under UV exposure will require monitoring in the ultraviolet region, while others may focus on visible or near-infrared light.
The 340nm control point is one of the most commonly used settings in accelerated aging tests. This wavelength corresponds to the short-wave UV range, which is particularly damaging to many outdoor materials such as coatings, plastics, and roofing products. A specialized UV sensor with a narrow bandpass filter centered at 340nm is required to measure this range accurately. Typical irradiance settings for 340nm are around 0.35 or 0.55 W/m²/nm.
On the other hand, the 420nm control point is often used for indoor testing, especially when simulating daylight through window glass filters. This wavelength falls in the long-wave UV and visible range, which is more relevant for materials exposed to indoor lighting. A filter that allows only a narrow band around 420nm is necessary for accurate measurement. The standard irradiance setting for this control point is usually 1.10 W/m²/nm.
Most air- and water-cooled xenon weathering chambers are equipped with either 340nm or 420nm irradiance control systems. However, some European models may use broadband sensors covering a wider range, such as TUV (300–400 nm) or full-spectrum sensors (280–800 nm). While these broadband systems offer broader coverage, they are less sensitive to small changes in UV intensity, which can affect the accuracy of tests driven by short-wavelength UV light.
To ensure reliable and repeatable results, it’s recommended to replace the xenon lamp regularly. Combining this with a feedback control system that monitors irradiance at 340nm or 420nm helps minimize spectral variations and maintain consistent test conditions. These features make xenon weathering chambers essential tools for quality assurance and material development in industries such as automotive, packaging, and construction.