The construction of a gravel base is a critical step in building a stable and durable foundation, especially for sports fields or roads. The process typically involves three main stages: paving, watering, and rolling. Proper execution of each stage ensures the base meets the required strength and stability standards. When it comes to paving, maintaining the correct thickness is essential. This is usually achieved by controlling the compaction factor. For mechanical paving using equipment like bulldozers and graders, the compaction coefficient is typically set between 1.20 and 1.25. If the paving is done manually, the coefficient can be slightly higher, ranging from 1.25 to 1.30. Ensuring the right amount of material is laid down prevents future issues with settlement or uneven surfaces. Once the gravel is spread out, any areas where coarse aggregates have clumped together should be broken up and evenly distributed. Similarly, if fine sand has gathered in certain spots, those areas should be dug up and refilled with properly graded material. After this step, the entire surface should be watered thoroughly. The sprinkler must ensure even moisture distribution throughout the layer. Once the water has been absorbed for about 1 to 2 hours, the surface can be air-dried before starting the rolling process. The amount of water used depends on the season and the thickness of the layer. Here’s a reference table showing the recommended sprinkling rates: Gravel Substrate Watering Guide Notes: For the grading and compaction of the gravel base, it's best to work on a large area, ideally covering about one-third to one-half of the football field. Avoid working in small, scattered sections, as this can lead to inconsistencies. The maximum thickness of the layer should not exceed 30 cm. The rolling process should start from the lower areas and move upward, ensuring even pressure across the surface. On a football field, this means starting from the sidelines and gradually moving toward the center. After the initial rolling, check the elevation and surface flatness. If irregularities are found, they should be addressed immediately. In sloped areas, additional gravel can be added, while high spots can be dug out and leveled with surrounding material. If there are clusters of coarse aggregate (often referred to as "plum-like" formations), these should be removed and replaced with well-graded sand and gravel. Avoid using coarse sand in such cases, as it may compromise the integrity of the base. Throughout the rolling process, always monitor for signs of soft spots or frost heave, and treat any problematic areas thoroughly to ensure a solid, long-lasting foundation. 2-10 Makeup Brush sets are used. Many people don`t know much about makeup sets. There are too many practical skills for makeup brushes. Makeup Brush Set Pink,Makeup Brush Set Cute,Makeup Brush Set Gift,Makeup Brush Set Case,Makeup Brush Set With Case Shenzhen Nanfang Shishang Cosmetic Utensil Co., Ltd. , https://www.sznfbrush.com
Thickness (cm)
Spring & Autumn (kg/m²)
Summer (kg/m²)
10
6–8
8–12
15
9–12
12–16
20
12–16
16–20
25
15–20
20–28
1. The big brush
It can be used as a base for large areas of eye shadow, and can also be used as a splash foundation.
2. Foundation Brush
The role of the foundation brush is to apply liquid foundation and foundation cream to evenly make up the face;
The foundation brush can be selected according to the following points: the density of the bristles should be tight and the quality of the bristles is harder; the bristles should be oblique trapezoid, and the brushes with good elasticity of the bristles should be selected; it is best to choose mink or synthetic fibers in terms of material.
3. Nose bridge brush
How to use the nose bridge brush
4. Fan Brush
The main function of the fan brush is to sweep away excess loose powder and eye shadow powder on the face.
5. Eye shadow brush
Eye shadow brushes can show soft colors, and can be subdivided into many different styles according to their functions. If you don't know how to choose, it is recommended to buy a large, medium and small eyeshadow brush first;
A large brush is used to apply light-colored eyeshadow as a primer; a medium-sized brush can be used to retouch the eye area more delicately; a small-sized brush is used to refine the eyeshadow, especially one with a tight, angled brush head, which can be used to strengthen the eyes Outline.
6. Concealer Brush
Concealer brushes, as the name suggests, are used to apply concealer products to the areas that need to be concealed, such as spots, acne marks, dark circles, etc. It can help you to create the details. Usually used in conjunction with a foundation brush, using a concealer brush can make the concealer more even and natural.
7. Lip Brush
Lip brush, lip balm and lip gloss, can also be used to brush eyeliner, when applying lipstick, start from the lower lip. In the drawn lip line, apply from the inside out. When applying lip gloss with a lip brush, do not use too much force, and do not bend the bristles too much, so as not to fall off and break.